Encyclopedian Dictionary: June 2013

Dachshund ( Canis lupus familiaris )

Pronunciation key

( däks′hoond′ )
( daks′hund )
( dash′hund′ )
( däkhs′hoont′ )

dachs•hund

[G. dachs, badger + hund, dog].

Small dog of German breed with a long body, short legs and floppy, droopy ears. It stands 8-10" while on all four legs.

Taxonomic Hierarchy

Kingdom	Animalia – Animal, animals
Phylum	Chordata – chordates
Subphylum	Vertebrata – vertebrates
Class	Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758 – mammals
Subclass	Theria Parker and Haswell, 1897
Infraclass	Eutheria Gill, 1872
Order	Carnivora Bowdich, 1821 – carnivores
Suborder	Caniformia Kretzoi, 1938 – dog-like carnivores
Family	Canidae Fischer, 1817 – coyotes, dogs, foxes, jackals, wolves
Genus	Canis Linnaeus, 1758 – dogs, foxes, jackals
Species	Canis lupus Linnaeus, 1758 – Wolf, gray wolf
Subspecies	Canis lupus familiaris Linnaeus, 1758 – domestic dog

References

Canis lupus familiaris, (Linnaeus, 1758) Taxonomic Serial No.: 726821

Breeds, Dachshund

akc.org, Dachshund

Dachshund Dog: the Three Variants

References

Cypress Vine ( Ipomoea quamoclit )

Pronunciation key

( sī′prəs vīn )

cy•press vine

Tropical American climbing vine with small, delicate trumpet shaped flowers of scarlet or white. They are related to the morning glory.

Taxonomic Hierarchy

Kingdom	Plantae – Vegetal, plants
Subkingdom	Viridaeplantae – green plants
Infrakingdom	Streptophyta – land plants
Division	Tracheophyta – vascular plants
Subdivision	Spermatophytina – seed plants
Infradivision	Angiospermae – flowering plants, angiosperms
Class	Magnoliopsida
Superorder	Asteranae
Order	Solanales
Family	Convolvulaceae – morning glories
Genus	Ipomoea L. – morning-glory
Species	Ipomoea quamoclit L. – cypress vine morning glory, cypress vine

References and Further Reading

Apalacha Hills, Cypress Vine

Ipomoea quamoclit, L., Taxonomic Serial No.: 30790

Ipomoea quamoclit

cy, Cy.

Pronunciation key

( si )

cy, Cy.

[ME. & OFr. -cie; L. -cia, -tia; Gr. -kia, -keia, -tia, -teia].

a suffix meaning: quality, condition, state, or fact of being such as delinquincy.
position, rank or office such as captaincy.
Cy., county.
cy.,
1. capacity
2. currency
3. cycles

References

Georges Cuvier ( 1769-1832 )

Pronunciation key

( kü′vyā′ )
( k′vi-ā′ )
( Georges Cuvier Pronunciation )

Cu•vier, Georges

Baron, 1769-1832; French naturalist.

References

Cu, Cu., cu.

Cu, Cu., cu.

Cu, cuprum, [L.] in chemistry, copper.
Cu., cu., cumulus.
cu., cubic.

References

Ct., ct.

Ct., ct.

Ct., Connecticut.
Ct., Count.
ct., cent.
ct., centum [L.] 100. One hundred.
ct., certificate.
ct., county.
ct., court.

References

C.S.O.

C.S.O.

Chief Signal Officer.
Chief Staff Officer.

References

Cs, cs., C.S., c.s.

Cs, cs., C.S., c.s.

Cs, in chemistry, cesium.
cs., case, cases.
C.S.,
1. Christian Science.
2. Confederate States.
C.S., c.s.,
1. capital stock.
2. civil service.

References

crozier

Pronunciation key

( krō′zhẽr )

cro•zier

a crosier.

References

Cr, cr., C.R.

Cr, cr., C.R.

Cr, in chemistry, chromium.
cr., credit, creditor, creek, crown; crowns.
C.R., Costa Rica.

[pl. crs.]

References

CQ

Over the air signal used by amateur radio operators which serves as an invitation to other operators to enter into communication.
Charge of quarters.

References

cp., C.P., c.p.

cp., C.P., c.p.

cp., compare.
C.P.

Chief Patriarch.
Command Post.
Common Pleas.
Common Prayer.
Communist Party.

candle power.
chemically pure.
circular pitch.

References

coffee

Pronunciation key

( kôf′i )
( kof′i )

cof•fee [plural term same as singular.]

[It. caffé; Turk. qahveh; Ar. qahwah, drink produced from berries, coffee].

Aromatic beverage created from ground roasted beanlike seeds of the tall, tropical plant from the madder (Rubiaceae) family.
The seeds, green, roasted and ground used in producing the beverage. They are found in the red berries which grows on the shrub.
The shrub.
The flavor of coffee or the color which resembles coffee when milk or cream is mixed in, brown.

cof•fee bean

The seed produced within the berries of the coffee plant.

cof•fee ber•ry ( kôf′i-ber′i, kof′i-ber′i ) [pl. COFFEE-BERRIES (-iz)]

Fruit produced by the coffee shrub. The coffee bean.

Taxonomic Hierarchy
Coffee Branch and Berries
Kingdom	Plantae – Vegetal, plants
Subkingdom	Viridaeplantae – green plants
Infrakingdom	Streptophyta – land plants
Division	Tracheophyta – vascular plants
Subdivision	Spermatophytina – spermatophytes, seed plants
Infradivision	Angiospermae – flowering plants, angiosperm
Class	Magnoliopsida
Superorder	Asteranae
Order	Gentianales
Family	Rubiaceae – madders
Genus	Coffea L. – coffee
Direct Children:
Species	Coffea arabica L. – Arabian coffee
Species	Coffea benghalensis B. Heyne ex Schult. – bengal coffee
Species	Coffea canephora Pierre ex A. Froehner – robusta coffee
Species	Coffea congensis A. Froehner – congo coffee
Species	Coffea liberica W. Bull ex Hiern. – Liberian coffee
Species	Coffea stenophylla G. Don
Coffee Plant
Coffee Beans

References and Further Reading

Coffea, L., Taxonomic Serial No.: 35189

The Coffee Bean

Coffee

Charleston Coffee Exchange

cocoon

Pronunciation key

( kə-kn′ )

co•coon

[Fr. cocon; It. coccone L.L. coco a hull, shell < L. coccum; see COCO.].

Promethea cocoon.

Caddis fly cocoon.

A case created by silk and other deposits certain insects spin around themselves or build as protection during the developmental pupa stage.
Any cover such as this which offers protection.

References and Further Reading

Promethea Moth cocoon, Callosamia promethea

Aquatic Insects of Central Virginia

Caddisflies (Trichoptera)

Species Spotlight: Caddisflies

Life and Times of a Caddis Fly

Caddis fly cocoon, Tricophtera sp

coconut and coconut palm tree ( Cocos )

Pronunciation key

( kō′kə-nut′ )

co•co•nut

Oval fruit consisting of a thick, fibrous oval brown husk covering a hard shell which encloses a layer of edible white flesh which surrounds a hollow center filled with a sweet, milky fluid called coconut milk.
A tall palm tree that grows and is cultivated throughout the tropics for the fruit which provides a source of fruit and drink. The foliage is used for thatch.
also spelled, cocoanut.

Taxonomic Hierarchy
The tree and cross section of the fruit.
Kingdom	Plantae – Vegetal, plants
Subkingdom	Viridaeplantae – green plants
Infrakingdom	Streptophyta – land plants
Division	Tracheophyta – vascular plants
Subdivision	Spermatophytina – spermatophytes, seed plants
Infradivision	Angiospermae – flowering plants, angiosperms
Class	Magnoliopsida
Superorder	Lilianae – monocots, monocotyledons
Order	Arecales
Family	Arecaceae
Genus	Cocos L. – coconut palm
Direct Children:
Species	Cocos nucifera L. – coconut palm, Palma de Coco

References and Further Reading

Cocos, L., Taxonomic Serial No.: 42450

cockroach ( Blattaria )

Pronunciation key

( kok′rōch′)

cock•roach

[Sp. cucharacha wood louse, confused with roach].

Insect which has slender legs and long sensory feelers. It has straight wings with a flat, yellow-brown or black color body. A common household pest, especially around kitchens and warm, damp locations.


Taxonomic Hierarchy
Kingdom	Animalia – Animal, animals
Phylum	Arthropoda – arthropods
Subphylum	Hexapoda – hexapods
Class	Insecta – insects, hexapoda
Subclass	Pterygota – winged insects
Infraclass	Neoptera – modern, wing-folding insects
Order	Dictyoptera
Suborder	Blattaria – barata, Blattodea, cockroaches
Direct Children:
Superfamily	Blaberoidea
Superfamily	Blattoidea

References

Blattaria Taxonomic Serial No.: 102427

Cnossus

Pronunciation key

( nos′əs )

Cnos•sus

Ancient Crete. A city, Knossos.

References

C/N

C/N

circular note.
credit note.

References

Cm, cm., c.m.

Cm, cm., c.m.

Cm, In chemistry, Curium.
cm., centimeter, centimeters.
c.m.,
1. church missionary.
2. common meter.
3. corresponding member.
4. court-martial.

References

azotic

Pronunciation key

( ə-zot′ik )

a•zot•ic

adj. [Rare]

Of azote or containing azote. Nitrogen; nitric.

References

azan

Pronunciation key

( ä-zän′ )

‡ a•zan

[< Ar. ādhan].

Moslem summons to prayer five times a day by the muezzin, from the miniret of the mosque.

References

Ayr

Pronunciation key

( ar ) or ( âr )

Ayr

A county located in the firth of Clyde, southwest Scotland.
Its county seat.

References

Aymaran

Pronunciation key

( ī′mä-rän )

Ay•ma•ran

adj.

Of the Amaras people or of their native language.
(n.) Aymara, the language.

References

axon

Pronunciation key

( ak′son )

ax•on

[< Mod. L.; Gr. axōn, axis, axle].

The section of the nerve cell where impulses leave the cell to travel.

References

axes

Pronunciation key

( ak′sēz )

ax•es

Plural of axis.

Pronunciation key

( ak′siz )

ax•es

Plural of ax.

References

awned

Pronunciation key

( ônd )

awned

adj.

possessing awning or awns.

References

awa

Pronunciation key

( ə-wô′ )
( ə-wä′ )

a•wa

adv.

[Scot.]

away.

References

Avon

Pronunciation key

( Ā′vən )
( Av′ən )

A•von

One of three rivers located in England. The most famed of which lies Stratford, the birthplace of Shakespeare.

References

avian

Pronunciation key

( ā′vi-ən )

a•vi•an

adj.

[< L. avis, bird].

of aves.
of birds.

References

aureola

Pronunciation key

( ô-rē′ə-lə )

au•re•o•la

an aureole.

References

auld

Pronunciation key

( ôĺd )

auld

adj.

[Dial. & Scot.].

old.

References

atremble

Pronunciation key

( ə-trem′bʼl )

a•trem•ble

adj.

trembling.

References

ataxy

Pronunciation key

( ə-tak′si )

a•tax•y

ataxia

References

astronomic

Pronunciation key

( as′trə-nom′ik )

as•tro•nom•ic

adj.

astronomical. large, as in quantities which would be used in astronomy.

References

asarum

Pronunciation key

( as′ə-rəm )

as•a•rum

[< L., hazelwort, wild spikenard; Gr. asaron].

Any of the plants in the genus with kidney shaped leaves and brownish flowers. Wild ginger.

Taxonomic Hierarchy
Kingdom	Plantae – Vegetal, plants
Subkingdom	Viridaeplantae – green plants
Infrakingdom	Streptophyta – land plants
Division	Tracheophyta – vascular plants, tracheophytes
Subdivision	Spermatophytina – spermatophytes, seed plants
Infradivision	Angiospermae – flowering plants, angiosperms
Class	Magnoliopsida
Superorder	Magnolianae
Order	Piperales
Family	Aristolochiaceae – birthworts
Genus	Asarum L. – wildginger
Direct Children:
Species	Asarum canadense L. – Canadian wild ginger, Canadian wildginger
Species	Asarum caudatum Lindl. – British Columbia wildginger
Species	Asarum hartwegii S. Watson – Hartweg's wildginger
Species	Asarum lemmonii S. Watson – Lemmon's wildginger
Species	Asarum marmoratum Piper – marbled wildginger
Species	Asarum wagneri K.L. Lu & Mesler – longtail wildginger

References

Asarum L. Taxonomic Serial No.: 18351

Artois ( France )

Pronunciation key

( ȧr′twȧ′ )

Ar•tois

Former province of northern France.

References

arable

Pronunciation key

( ar′ə-bʼl )

ar•a•ble

adj.

[Fr.; L. arabilis < arare to plow].

suitable for plowing.

land which is fit to plow; arable land

References

aquatics

Pronunciation key

( ə-kwat′iks )
( ə-kwät′iks )

a•quat•ics

n. pl..

athletic abilities performed in water.
sports.

References

NAME OF REFERENCE ©YEAR

apterous

Pronunciation key

( ap′tẽr-əs )

ap•ter•ous

adj.

[< Gr.apteros < a, without + pteron, a wing].

In biology, designates a wingless characteristic. Lacking wings or wing-like parts.

References

apiarist

Pronunciation key

( ā′pi-ə-rist )

a•pi•a•rist

[< apiary + ist].

a beekeeper, or person who keeps bees

References

aortic

Pronunciation key

( ā-ôr′tik )

a•or•tic

adj.

of the aorta.

References

analyse

Pronunciation key

( an′ə-līz′ )

an•a•lyse

v.t..

[ANALYSED (-līzd′) ANALYSING]

To analyze.

References

anthropogeny

Pronunciation key

( an′thrə-poj′ə-ni )

an•thro•pog•e•ny

anthropogenesis.

References

amnesic

Pronunciation key

( am-nē′sik )
( am-nē′zik )

am•ne•sic

adj.

of amnesia. a loss of memory.

References

amaryllidaceae and amaryllidaceous

Pronunciation key

( am′ə-ril′i-dā′shəs )

am•a•ryl•li•da•ceous

adj.

[< Mod. L. amaryllidaceae, name of the family < amaryllis].

belonging to the amaryllis family of plants, growing primarily in warm, dry climates.

am•a•ryl•li•da•ceae

Taxonomic Hierarchy
Kingdom	Plantae – plantes, Vegetal, plants
Subkingdom	Viridaeplantae – green plants
Infrakingdom	Streptophyta – land plants
Division	Tracheophyta – vascular plants, tracheophytes
Subdivision	Spermatophytina – spermatophytes, seed plants
Infradivision	Angiospermae – flowering plants, angiosperms
Class	Magnoliopsida
Superorder	Lilianae – monocots, monocotyledons
Order	Asparagales
Family	Amaryllidaceae
Direct Children:
Genus	Agapanthus L'Hér. – agapanthus
Genus	Allium L. – wild onion, onion
Genus	Amaryllis L. – amaryllis
Genus	Ammocharis Herb. – ammocharis
Genus	Clivia Lindl. – Kaffir-lily
Genus	Crinum L. – swamplily
Genus	Eucharis Planch. & Linden – Amazonlily
Genus	Galanthus L. – snowdrop
Genus	Habranthus Herb. – copperlily
Genus	Hippeastrum Herb. – hippeastrum
Genus	Hymenocallis Salisb. – spiderlily
Genus	Ipheion Raf.
Genus	Leucojum L. – snowflake
Genus	Lycoris Herb. – lycoris
Genus	Muilla S. Watson ex Benth. – muilla
Genus	Narcissus L. – daffodil, narcissus
Genus	Nerine Herb. – nerine
Genus	Nothoscordum Kunth – false garlic
Genus	Pancratium L. – pancratium
Genus	Proiphys Herb.
Genus	Scadoxus Raf. – scadoxus
Genus	Sprekelia Heist. – Jacobean lily
Genus	Stenomesson Herb. – stenomesson
Genus	Sternbergia Waldst. & Kit. – winter daffodil
Genus	Tristagma Poepp. – springstar
Genus	Tulbaghia L. – wild garlic
Genus	Zephyranthes Herb. – zephyrlily

References

Amaryllidaceae Taxonomic Serial No.: 182703

alt horn or alto horn

alto horn

an alt horn

References

Word 3004: Althorn

alate

Pronunciation key

( ā′lāt )

a•late

adj.

[L. alatus < ala, a wing].

Possessing wings or attachments which are winglike.

References

Aksum

Pronunciation key

( äk′soom )

Ak•sum

Ancient capital in Ethiopia.

Alternate spelling: Axum.

References

akene

Pronunciation key

( ā-kēn′ )

a•kene

an achene.

References

ajar

Pronunciation key

( ə-jär′ )

a•jar

adv. and adj.

[M.E. on char, a-char; AS cyrr, a turn; see CHORE].
[a, on + jar v.]

Slightly opened. Not closed or sealed.
Lacking harmony or, not in harmony.

References

ain

Pronunciation key

( ān )

ain

adj.

[< Scot. ]

own.

References

aiglet

Pronunciation key

( ā′glit )

ai•glet

an aglet.

References

ahorse

Pronunciation key

( ə-hôrs′ )

a•horse

adv. and adj.

[a-, on + horse].

on horseback.

References

ahead

Pronunciation key

( ə-hed′ )

a•head

adv. and adj.

[a-, on + head].

in the front or toward the front.
forward, onward.
in advance or advanced.

To be in a position of winning or profit. Benefit. Advantage.

To get ahead is to advance socially, financially, et cetera.

To get ahead of is to outdo or excel.

References

agronomical

Pronunciation key

( ag′rə-nom′i-kʼl )

ag•ro•nom•i•cal

adj.

agronomic.

References

agaze

Pronunciation key

( ə-gāz′ )

a•gaze

adv. and adj.

[a-, on + gaze].

gazing.

References

afrit

Pronunciation key

( af′rēt )

af•rit

an afreet.

References

afire

Pronunciation key

( ə-fīr′ )

a•fire

adv. and adj.

[a, on + fire].

on fire.

References

aerophyte

Pronunciation key

( âr′ə-fit )
( ā′ẽr-ə-fīt′ )

aer•o•phyte

[aero- + -phyte].

A parasitic plant that grows on aerial sections of other plants, as many orchids; air plants; epiphyte.

References

aecidium

Pronunciation key

( ē-sid′i-əm )

ae•cid•i•um

n. [pl. AECIDIA (-ə)

[Mod. L., dim < Gr.aikia, harm, injury].

an aecium.

References

aduncous

Pronunciation key

( ə-duŋ′kəs )

a•dun•cous

adj.

adunc.

References

adaption

Pronunciation key

( ə-dap′shən )

a•dap•tion

adaptation.

References

actinozoan

Pronunciation key

( ak′ti-nə-zō′ən )

ac•ti•no•zo•an

[< actino- + Gr. zōion an animal.].

an anthozoan.

References

academism

Pronunciation key

( ə-kad′ə-mizʼm )

a•cad•e•mism

academism.

References

Abram

Pronunciation key

( ā′brəm )

A•bram

Abraham.

References

Abbassid

Pronunciation key

( ə-bas′id
ab′ə-sid )

Ab•bas•sid

n, and adj.

Abbasside.

References

aardwolf

Pronunciation key

( ärd′wulf )

aard•wolf

[< D, earth wolf.].

South African earth wolf which is allied to hyenas and civets.

Taxonomic Hierarchy
Kingdom	Animalia – Animal, animals
Phylum	Chordata – chordates
Subphylum	Vertebrata – vertebrates
Class	Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758 – mammals
Subclass	Theria Parker and Haswell, 1897
Infraclass	Eutheria Gill, 1872
Order	Carnivora Bowdich, 1821 – carnivores
Suborder	Feliformia Kretzoi, 1945 – cat-like carnivores
Family	Hyaenidae Gray, 1821 – Hyenas
Genus	Proteles I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1824
Species	Proteles cristata (Sparrman, 1783) – Aardwolf
Proteles cristata, (Sparrman, 1783), Taxonomic Serial No.: 726269

References

Zoology Quest: Aardwolf

aardvark

Pronunciation key

( ärd′värk )

aard•vark

[< D. = earth pig].

Burrowing, insectivorous edentate ground hog of South Africa.

References

fixity

Pronunciation key

(fik′sə·tē)

fix•i•ty

n. pl. ·ties

Fixed. Stable. Permanence.
That which is fixed.